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Water Scarcity & Quality in Chennai

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The 2019 Chennai water crisis was a water crisis occurring in India, most notably in the coastal city of Chennai in Tamil Nadu. On 19 June 2019, Chennai city officials declared that "Day Zero", or the day when almost no water is left, had been reached, as all the four main reservoirs supplying water to the city had run dry. Two years of deficient monsoon rainfall, particularly in late 2017 and throughout much of 2018 had led to this crisis. Because tap water has stopped running, some families have been relying on alternative water sources such as distant, unreliable public water pumps, and costly private water tankers.

Causes of Water Scarcity

causes of water scarcity

Water Scarcity Prevention Methods

Select S.No. Category Prevention Methods Examples / Tools Impact Cost Level Timeframe
1 Household Fix leaks; use water-saving devices; reuse greywater Low-flow taps; dual-flush toilets; buckets for washing Saves 20–30% household water; reduces wastage Low Short-term
2 Agriculture Drip irrigation; rainwater harvesting; crop rotation; soil moisture conservation Drip pipes; rain ponds; mulching; drought-resistant crops (millets) Saves up to 50% irrigation water; improves yield stability Medium Medium-term
3 Industry Recycle & reuse wastewater; efficient cooling; cleaner production Zero-liquid-discharge plants; cooling towers; water recycling systems Cuts industrial water demand; reduces effluent pollution High Medium/Long-term
4 Community Rainwater harvesting; groundwater recharge; smart metering Rooftop tanks; recharge pits/wells; smart water meters Increases local water availability; reduces peak demand Medium Medium-term
5 Government / Policy Regulations on use; subsidies for efficient tech; river & wetland restoration Water laws; subsidy programs; large-scale restoration projects Long-term sustainable water governance; reduced scarcity risks Medium–High Long-term
6 Environment Afforestation; watershed management; wetland protection Tree planting drives; protected wetland areas; erosion control Improves groundwater recharge; restores ecosystem balance Medium Long-term
7 Technology Desalination; AI/IoT water management; remote monitoring Desalination plants; smart sensors; cloud monitoring platforms Expands usable water resources; improves allocation efficiency High Long-term
8 Education & Awareness Public campaigns; school programs; media outreach Save-water drives; eco-clubs; posters and social media Promotes behavioral change; reduces per-capita consumption Low Long-term
9 Urban Planning Green infrastructure; reuse of treated water; demand management Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs); recycled water for construction; rain gardens Reduces pressure on freshwater supplies; improves resilience Medium–High Long-term
10 Emergency Measures Drought relief; mobile water supply; temporary rationing Water tankers; emergency storage; water coupons or ration cards Provides immediate relief; prevents humanitarian crises Medium Immediate

Solution for Waterscarcity

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